黄龙北接宜川,南连澄城、合阳、白水,西与洛川毗邻,东与韩城接壤。抗日战争前,黄龙没有县的建制,而分属邻近各县。现在的石堡、界头庙、三岔、崾崄、小寺庄五个乡及城关镇原属洛川县;瓦子街、砖庙梁、圪台三个乡,原属宜川县(部分原属洛川县);白马滩、柏峪两乡(镇)原属韩城县;红石岩乡原属合阳县;范家卓子乡原属澄城县。
在历史上(特别是唐、北宋时期),黄龙山区“人口较多,尚称繁华”。清同治年间征剿回民起义之后渐衰,后遭光绪三年大年馑(1877),加之民国初年土匪蜂起,致使黄龙山区人烟稀少。抗日战争爆发后,沦陷区、黄泛区、蝗旱灾区难民相继来到黄龙山区谋生,这里才又慢慢有了活力。至今,黄龙县境内仍有2万多河南、山东、安徽、河北等20多个外省籍的居民。
与此相关,黄龙县汇聚了几乎全国各地的方言。人们各操自己家乡话,南腔北调,方言混杂。
就黄龙本地土著语言而论,黄龙方言属中原官话的关中话。主要特征是没有入声,古入声清音和次浊音母的字归阴平,全浊声母的字归阳平。如:八〔
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_553.JPG)
〕、木〔
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_422.JPG)
〕、石〔
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_168.JPG)
〕。
黄龙境内13个(乡)镇,其方言大致可分为三片。原属洛川县的石堡、界头庙、三岔、崾崄、小寺庄5乡(包括城关镇)和原属澄城县的范家卓子乡、原属合阳县的红石岩乡为一片,当地称为黄龙话;原属宜川县的瓦子街、砖庙梁、圪台为一片,当地称为宜川话;原属韩城县的柏峪、白马滩为一片,当地称为韩城话。下面以城关镇、瓦子街、柏峪为各片代表,就语言方面主要差别作一粗略比较。
1.普通话
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_860.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_693.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_477.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_717.JPG)
与合口呼韵母相拼的字,城关镇声母为ts、ts‘、s、z,柏峪为p
f、p
f、f、v,瓦子街为
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_860.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_693.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_477.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170352_717.JPG)
。对比如下:
猪 专 除 床
城关镇
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_665.JPG)
柏峪
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_491.JPG)
瓦子街
书 水 如 闰
城关镇
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_913.JPG)
柏峪
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_850.JPG)
瓦子街
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_225.JPG)
2.“拔、淡、坐、阵、近、跪”,城关镇、柏峪声母为送气的p‘、t‘、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_427.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_427.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_626.JPG)
、k‘,瓦子街则为不送气的p、t、ts、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_427.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_626.JPG)
、k。对比如下:
拔 淡 坐 阵 近 跪
城关镇
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_259.JPG)
柏 峪
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_475.JPG)
瓦子街
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_475.JPG)
3.普通话韵母en、in、un、yn,瓦子街为ei、iei、uei、yei,城关镇、柏峪为
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_580.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_228.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_328.JPG)
、
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_281.JPG)
。对比如下:
门 根 林 心 魂 群
城关镇
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_891.JPG)
柏 峪
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_891.JPG)
瓦子街
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_674.JPG)
4.“对、醉、短、暖、东、送”等普通话合口呼韵母的字,柏峪读为开口呼韵母,城关镇、瓦子街仍为合口呼韵母。对比如下:
对 醉 短 暖 东 送
城关镇
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_853.JPG)
柏 峪
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_989.JPG)
瓦子街
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_853.JPG)
本志所记录的是县人民政府所在地的城关方言。
本志用国际音标标音,为了便于阅读,现将本志所用国际音标与汉语拼音方案对照如下:
声母对照表
本志所用音标 汉语拼音方案 本志所用音标 汉语拼音方案
p b p‘ p
m m f f
v — t d
t‘ t n n
l l ts z
ts‘ c s s
z —
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_661.JPG)
zh
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_661.JPG)
ch
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_440.JPG)
sh
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_147.JPG)
r
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_618.JPG)
j
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_273.JPG)
q
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_252.JPG)
x
k g k‘ k
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_233.JPG)
ng x h
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_756.JPG)
—(零声母)
韵母对照表
本志所用音标 汉语拼音方案 本志所用音标 汉语拼音方案
a a ia ia
o o uo uo
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_158.JPG)
e ε —
iε ie yε üe
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_758.JPG)
-i(zi、ci、si的韵母)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_829.JPG)
-i(zhi、chi、shi的韵母)
i i u u
y ü ai ai
iai — uai uai
ei ei uei uei
au ao iau iao
ou ou iou iou
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_321.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_777.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_464.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_302.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_619.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_511.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_849.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_723.JPG)
—
an ang
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_192.JPG)
iang
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_955.JPG)
uang
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_832.JPG)
eng
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_978.JPG)
ing
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_372.JPG)
ung
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_121.JPG)
iong
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_492.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_222.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_329.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_739.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170353_593.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170354_608.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170354_585.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170354_248.JPG)
—
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2012-05-13/20120513_170354_540.JPG)
—
er er
编辑:秦人